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基本初等函数微积分

微分

结论

\(\mathrm dC=0\)
\(\mathrm d\sin x=\cos x\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm d\cos x=-\sin x\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm d\tan x=\frac1{\cos^2 x}\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm d\ln x=\frac1x\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm de^x=e^x\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm dx^a=ax^{a-1}\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm d\arcsin x=\frac1{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\mathrm dx\)

证明

\(x=\sin y,y\in[-\frac \pi2,\frac\pi2]\),那么 \(\cos y\ge0\) 有:
\((\arcsin x)'=\frac1{(\sin y)'}=\frac1{\cos y}=\frac1{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)

\(\mathrm d\arccos x=-\frac1{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\mathrm dx\)
\(\mathrm d\arctan x=\frac1{1+x^2}\mathrm dx\)